Surah Al-Hujurat, Ayah 11
Quran 49:11 · The Rooms · Madani · Para 26 · Page 516
یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا یَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِّنْ قَوْمٍ عَسٰۤی اَنْ یَّكُوْنُوْا خَیْرًا مِّنْهُمْ وَلَا نِسَآءٌ مِّنْ نِّسَآءٍ عَسٰۤی اَنْ یَّكُنَّ خَیْرًا مِّنْهُنَّ ۚ وَلَا تَلْمِزُوْۤا اَنْفُسَكُمْ وَلَا تَنَابَزُوْا بِالْاَلْقَابِ ؕ بِئْسَ الِاسْمُ الْفُسُوْقُ بَعْدَ الْاِیْمَانِ ۚ وَمَنْ لَّمْ یَتُبْ فَاُولٰٓىِٕكَ هُمُ الظّٰلِمُوْنَ ۟
Transliteration
Ya ayyuha allatheena amanoola yaskhar qawmun min qawmin AAasa an yakoonookhayran minhum wala nisaon min nisa-in AAasaan yakunna khayran minhunna wala talmizoo anfusakum walatanabazoo bil-alqabi bi/sa al-ismualfusooqu baAAda al-eemani waman lam yatub faola-ikahumu aththalimoon
Saheeh International
O you who have believed, let not a people ridicule [another] people; perhaps they may be better than them; nor let women ridicule [other] women; perhaps they may be better than them. And do not insult one another and do not call each other by [offensive] nicknames. Wretched is the name [i.e., mention] of disobedience after [one's] faith. And whoever does not repent - then it is those who are the wrongdoers.
Al-Mukhtasar fi Tafsir
O those who have faith in Allah and act upon what He has legislated! A group of you should not mock another; perhaps those that have been mocked are better according to Allah. True consideration is only for what Allah considers. And a group of women should not mock another group of women; perhaps the group mocked at is better according to Allah. Do not taunt the souls of your brothers, because they are like your own souls, and do not call others with names they do not like - as was the case of a few of the Anṣār before the arrival of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). Whoever does that is a wrongdoer, and deviance is a very bad trait after having brought faith. Whoever does not repent from these sins are oppressing themselves by placing themselves in situations of destruction due to the sins they commit.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged)
O you who believe! Let not a group scoff at another group, it may be that the latter are better than the former. Nor let (some) women scoff at other women, it may be that the latter are better than the former. Nor defame yourselves, nor insult one another by nicknames. Evil is the name of wickedness after faith. And whosoever does not repent, then such are indeed wrongdoers (11)
The Prohibition of mocking and ridiculing One Another
Allah the Exalted forbids scoffing at people, which implies humiliating and belittling them. In the Sahih, it is recorded that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
الْكِبْرُ بَطَرُ الْحَقِّ وَغَمْصُ النَّاسِ
(Arrogance is refusing the truth and belittling people.) And in another Version
غَمْطُ النَّاسِ
(And despising people) It is forbidden to scoff at and belittle people, for the injured party could be more honored and dearer to Allah the Exalted than those who ridicule and belittle them. This is why Allah the Exalted said,
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا يَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَسَىٰ أَنْ يَكُونُوا خَيْرًا مِنْهُمْ وَلَا نِسَاءٌ مِنْ نِسَاءٍ عَسَىٰ أَنْ يَكُنَّ خَيْرًا مِنْهُنَّ ۖ
(O you who believe! Let not a group scoff at another group, it may be that the latter are better than the former. Nor let (some) women scoff at other women, it may be that the latter are better than the former.) thus, stating this prohibition for men and then women. The statement of Allah the Exalted,
وَلَا تَلْمِزُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ
(Nor defame yourselves,) forbids defaming each other. He among men who is a slanderer, and a backbiter, is cursed and condemned as Allah states
وَيْلٌ لِكُلِّ هُمَزَةٍ لُمَزَةٍ
(Woe to every Humazah, Lumazah)(104:1) Hamz is defamation by action, while Lamz is by words. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
هَمَّازٍ مَشَّاءٍ بِنَمِيمٍ
(Hammaz (defaming), going about with slander.)(68:11) meaning, he belittles and defames people, transgressing and spreading slander among them, which is the Lamz that uses words as its tool. Allah's statement here,
وَلَا تَلْمِزُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ
(Nor defame yourselves,) just as He said in another Ayah,
وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ ۚ
(Nor kill yourselves)(4:29), meaning, nor kill one another. 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas, Mujahid, Sa'id bin Jubayr, Qatadah and Muqatil bin Hayyan said that the Ayah,
وَلَا تَلْمِزُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ
(Nor defame yourselves,) means, none of you should defame each other,' while,
وَلَا تَنَابَزُوا بِالْأَلْقَابِ
(nor insult one another by nicknames.) means, 'you should not address people by nick names that people dislike.' Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Jabirah bin Ad-Dahhak said, "This Ayah was revealed about us, Banu Salamah;
وَلَا تَنَابَزُوا بِالْأَلْقَابِ
(nor insult one another by nicknames.) When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ migrated to Al-Madinah, every man among us had two or three nicknames. When the Prophet ﷺ called a man by one of these nicknames, people would say, 'O Allah's Messenger! He hates that nickname.' Then this Ayah,
وَلَا تَنَابَزُوا بِالْأَلْقَابِ
(nor insult one another by nicknames.) was revealed." Abu Dawud also collected this Hadith. The statement of Allah the Exalted and Most Honored,
بِئْسَ الِاسْمُ الْفُسُوقُ بَعْدَ الْإِيمَانِ
(Evil is the name of wickedness after faith), means, the names and descriptions of wickedness are evil; meaning, 'to use the nicknames that were used by the people of Jahiliyyah, after you embraced Islam and understood it,'
وَمَنْ لَمْ يَتُبْ
(And whosoever does not repent,) means, from this sin,
فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ
(then such are indeed wrongdoers.)